Population
The population of interest was undergraduate medical students serving as interpreters in the clinical setting. A medical student was defined as a person enrolled in an educational program in pursuit of an MD degree (or equivalent) at the time of the study. Studies may focus on either pre-clerkship students, clerkship students, or both. A medical interpreter was defined as a person who serves as a liaison between LLP patients and healthcare professionals by providing oral translation services. There were no selection criteria around the training of medical students, meaning the presence of a training program in medical interpretation is not a requirement for study inclusion.