the W541 DNA vaccine
Macrophages and dendritic cells are crucial to the body’s innate immune
responses. The C-ImmSim server provides a simulation immune platform for
evaluating the immune response after vaccination. After the first
immunization, the number of activated macrophages significantly
increased. Each subsequent injection further enhanced macrophage
activation, and the macrophage count declined around day 50 until it
returned to pre-immunization levels on day 70 (figure 5A). Dendritic
cells were activated after the first immunization, and the number of
dendritic cells in the presenting state increased after each
immunization until it returned to pre-immunization levels on day 90
(figure 5B). The simulation results indicate a significant activation of
macrophages and dendritic cells after three immunizations of the W541
DNA vaccine.
3.1.6.2
Activation of adaptive immune cells by theW541
DNA vaccine
The
adaptive immune cells mainly include TH, TC, and B cells, which play a
crucial role in anti-TB immunity. After the initial vaccination, TH, TC,
and B cells were activated. With each subsequent immunization, their
activation was enhanced and reached their peaks on day 35, day 50, and
day 30, respectively. It is worth noting that the activation levels of
the TH and B cells decreased before the subsequent immunization, while
the TC cells remained in a sustained activated state (figure 5C-E).
Following the first vaccination, IFN-γ levels rapidly increased. With
the second immunization, IFN-γ levels were further elevated. After the
third immunization, the IFN-γ levels remained relatively stable compared
to the second immunization and then rapidly declined, eventually
returning to pre-immunization levels around day 50 (figure 5F). A slight
increase in IgG and IgM was observed after the initial immunization.
After the second immunization, the expression of IgG and IgM increased
rapidly and further increased after the third immunization. IgM peaked
around day 40, followed by a decline, and dropped to the plateau phase
around day 90. IgG peaked around day 50, followed by a similar decline,
eventually entering a steady phase around day 150 (figure 5G).
Simulation results demonstrated that the W541 DNA vaccine could
effectively activate TH, TC, and B cells, leading to elevated levels of
corresponding cytokines such as IFN-γ and antibodies IgG and IgM.