Annual-mean, globally-integrated ocean heat content (OHC) and ocean mass for the CMIP6 pre-industrial control experiment. Each time series represents the anomaly with respect to the first year and a ten-year running mean has been applied. The thin black dashed lines correspond to a trend magnitude of 0.4, 0.2 and 0.1 Wm-2 respectively in panel (a) and 1.8, 0.9 and 0.45 mm/year in panel (c). For reference, 0.4 Wm-2 is the lower bound of current estimates of the planetary energy imbalance and 1.8 mm/year the estimated current rate of barystatic sea level rise.